Using a physically-based approach, we set up a dynamical model for cell deformation duringmovement. Our description is based on the behavior observed in motile mammalian cells during which thefront and rear of the cell periodically exchange signals. Our simulations show that very simple dynamics,based on coupled autonomous Van der Pol oscillators, help to understand the interaction between themechanical properties of the cell structures (membrane, actin cables, focal adhesion) and the activation/de-activation of Rho and Rac-dependent protein cascades. In addition, the physically-based approach provesits relevance in the context of complex systems, where physical and chemical processes together build upthe cell response to external perturbation.